《斯巴达300勇士》中的不死军团——波斯长生军

Necromancer

《300》中我最喜欢的不是斯巴达三百裸男[y:3] ，而是戴着面具挥舞双刀的“不死军团”[y:4] 。最近玩全面战争，发现这支“不死军团”并非凭空杜撰。于是在维基百科上找到了这一篇文章。原文链接是http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/persian+immortals，下面是我翻译的。第一次翻译，有不对的地方还请达人指教。

Necromancer

两名波斯Achaemenid王朝的长生军卫兵


波斯长生军（Persian Immortals）是一支精锐的波斯帝国卫队。

Immortals这个词来源于Herodotus。Herodotus称这支军队“万人队”（Ten Thousand）或Athanatoi(即immortals)。波斯人自己很可能不用Immortals 这个词。希罗多德也许是误解了一个词anusiya（意即伙伴）。

根据Herodotus的记载，长生军是一支由Hydarnes (波斯将军，曾参加过温泉关战役——译者注)率领的重步兵，其编制总是保持在刚好一万人——任何阵亡，负重伤或患病的成员会立刻被新人替换以保持编制的完整性。长生军只接受米堤亚人（Median，一伊朗部族之成员，与波斯人关系很近，居住于古代米堤亚地区——译者注）或波斯人加入。

他们的武器包括一面柳条结成覆以皮革的盾，一支铁头短矛（矛另一端有配重以保持平衡），一张弓，一袋藤箭，一把匕首或短剑。他们的制服包括头巾（tiara，维基百科上解释的是王冠，不过士兵戴王冠有以下犯上之嫌，况且跟后面毡帽的反差也太大了，故翻译成头巾，不知大家有什么好的想法——译者注）或软毡帽（连头盔都不戴[y:3] ——译者注），一件有刺绣的长袖束腰外衣，裤子和一件金属甲衣。他们通常的战术是由前排的士兵发起冲锋，同时后排的士兵以弓箭提供火力支援。


战斗中的长生军

这支帝国卫队的装束斑驳不一。据记载“他们其中一千人持有以黄金圆球（golden pomegranate）装饰的矛，这一千人环绕着另外九千人，这九千人持有以白银圆球（pomegranates of silver）装饰的矛”（金玉其外，败絮其中啊。装备不起一万黄金矛就这么应付上级检查？——译者注）。  
这支部队参战时后面总是跟着一长串的篷车，骆驼和驴子运载他们的仆人和，呃，嗯，女人。[y:8]他们还享有特别提供的精美食物 。（吃喝玩乐一条龙服务啊……战时这么供着自然可以提高战斗力，要是平日里总是这么娇惯还不都养成加菲猫了——译者注）

长生军参加过马拉松战役和温泉关战役。他们还在Mardonius（波斯将军，参加过公元前5世纪波斯对希腊的战争）的指挥下参加了公元前479年在希腊的波斯占领军。亚历山大大帝在公元前333年的伊苏斯之战（Battle of Issus）中击败了长生军。

Necromancer

拜占庭皇帝Michael VII（1071–1081）在位时帝国重建了长生军。Michael VII的将军Nikephoros在Manzikert战役（1071年，拜占庭惨败于土耳其）后重组了中央军区部队（central field army，这个不太清楚怎么翻译，达人指教——译者注）。剩余的东方军区（Eastern Themes，也不知道怎么翻——译者注）部队被集中到一支新的帝国卫队中。这支新的部队沿用了波斯长生军的名称，据说也有大约一万人。当然这支部队像拜占庭剩余的其他军区部队一样已经是骑兵了。


身着典礼制服的Javedan卫队（1975）

现代最后一位伊朗国王在位时，伊朗军队中包括一支由志愿兵组成的Javedan（波斯语，意为“永远”）卫队，这支卫队也被称为长生军。这支长生军驻扎在Tehran的Lavizan军营。到1978年这支精锐卫队包括一个四千到五千人的旅和一个营的主战坦克。这支长生军随着帝国政权的覆灭于1979年被解散。

Necromancer

The Persian Immortals were a Persian elite Imperial Guard regiment during the Persian Wars.

The term Immortals comes from Herodotus who called them either Ten Thousand or Athanatoi (lit. immortals). Persians themselves probably did not use the term — Herodotus may have used a corruption of a term anusiya (companions).

Herodotus tells that Immortals were heavy infantry lead by Hydarnes that was kept constantly in strength of exactly 10,000 men — every killed, seriously wounded or sick member was immediately replaced with a new one, maintaining the cohesity of the unit. The regiment accepted only Median or Persian applicants.

Their weapons were a leather and wicker shield, a short spear with an iron point and a counterbalance on the other end, a bow with cane arrows, a quiver for them and a dagger or short sword. The regiment's uniform consisted of a tiara or soft felt cap, an embroidered long-sleeved tunic, trousers, and a coat of metal. Their usual tactics involved a front rank charge at the enemy while the rear flanks shot arrows to support the assault.

These had variegated costumes and acted as the Imperial Guards. "Of these one thousand carried spears with golden pomegranate at the lower end instead of spikes; and these encircled the other nine thousand, who bore on their spears pomegranates of silver".

The regiment was followed by a wagon train of covered carriages, camels and mules that transported their women and servants and they received special food.

Immortals participated in the battles of Marathon and Thermopylae and were in the Persian occupation troops in Greece in 479 BC under Mardonius. Alexander the Great defeated them in the Battle of Issus in 333 BC.
Successors
  
The title of "Immortals" was revived under the Byzantine Empire, under the Emperor Michael VII (1071–1081). His general Nikephoros reorganised the central field army ("Tagmata") of the Eastern Empire following the disastrous defeat of Manzikert by the Turks in 1071. The remnants of the provincial troops of the Eastern Themes (military provinces) were brought together in a new Imperial Guard regiment named after the Persian Immortals and reportedly also numbering about 10,000 men. These were however cavalry, like the remainder of the Byzantine field army.

The modern Iranian Army under the last Shah included an all volunteer Javedan Guard, also known as the "Immortals" after the ancient Persian royal guard. The "Immortals" were based in the Lavizan Barracks in Tehran. By 1978 this elite force comprised a brigade of 4,000–5,000 men, including a battalion of Chieftain tanks. Following the overthrow of the Imperial regime in 1979 the "Immortals" were disbanded.

暗流

不错不错，这支队伍在史实上确实有记载的，不过300把人家妖魔化了，这点让我很不满意，300虽然是不错的动作片和舞台剧，但是在政治、民族的诸多描写方面很不得体，以自由的口号为例，实际上当时的斯巴达人奴役着周边多个民族，而且为了防止他们反抗，经常会组成精锐的秘密小分队潜入那些民族的农田，屠杀他们的青壮年男子，非常残忍，这种民族根本不配高喊自由的口号。另外对亚洲各族的妖魔化，对残疾人的歧视，都是比较严重的问题。

枯骨骑士

同感TOO同感TOO

Necromancer

原帖由 暗流 于 2007-7-6 16:41 发表
不错不错，这支队伍在史实上确实有记载的，不过300把人家妖魔化了，这点让我很不满意，300虽然是不错的动作片和舞台剧，但是在政治、民族的诸多描写方面很不得体，以自由的口号为例，实际上当时的斯巴达人奴役着 ...

     300本身是从漫画改编过来的,不是历史剧,有些夸张成分也不足为奇.
     至于自由的口号么从亚历山大到华莱士喊了也有上千年了吧[y:3]。电影总是人拍的，难免掺杂进个人的意识形态进去。什么是那个时代本来就有的什么是现代人加进去的大家注意思考辨别就可以了。要批判地接受嘛[y:7]。

半杯香槟

电影总是创作者本身的思想的表达，一千个人心中就有一千个哈姆雷特，历史和故事总是有许多冲突的，不过古代波斯人的确相当强悍，可曾经如此辉煌的民族，也终究免不了如过眼云烟般的消失，现在那片土地上的人们早已不复先辈的辉煌了

screamtodie

人们就是用各种不同的理由去战争

我是一只小小鸡

300在我眼里只有血腥，没什么意思，跟魔戒差远了