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http://www.tuckborough.net/plants.html#Athelas
阿夕拉斯
植物，具药用价值。阿夕拉斯长有散发甜辛香气的长叶，对吸入这种香气的人有醒脑功效。
阿夕拉斯可用于缓解疼痛，并具治疗戒灵的黑之吹息的伤害。但只有伊兰迪尔家族的国王可以令阿夕拉斯发挥其全部能量。
阿夕拉斯或许曾生长在贝尔兰大陆的伯希尔森林中。在第一纪元的466年，神犬胡安给了露西安公主一颗疗伤草药，帮助被箭射伤的伯恩。有证据表明(HoME III, p. 269），这正是阿夕拉斯。然而第一纪元末贝尔兰大陆被摧毁。
阿夕拉斯在第二纪元从努曼诺尔传到中土世界。它生长在努曼诺尔人和他们后代栖居地或露营地，甚至包括风云顶和罗萨那其树林附近的一些地域。
阿拉贡用阿夕拉斯做草药减轻佛罗多在风云顶遭戒灵袭击所中的毒伤疼痛。他把叶子捣碎后放入水中煮沸，为佛罗多清洗受伤的肩膀。此举令佛罗多的疼痛和寒冷有所减轻却并未治愈他，因为残留的魔窟剑碎片只有伊兰迪尔王才能拔除。佛罗多和山姆在莫瑞亚的战斗中受伤后，阿拉贡再次用它在风云顶采集的阿夕拉斯草药余下部分治疗他们的伤。
帕兰诺平原大战之后，伊欧温、法拉米尔、梅利都因与戒灵的接触垂危。治疗大堂中，阿拉贡要求寻找阿夕拉斯。一个智慧的女人Ioreth认出一种俗名kingsfoil的植物竟是阿夕拉斯，但草药专家对此物的价值一无所知而无储备，除了一首古诗曾提起到的：当黑之吹息扬起死亡阴影随之降临光明即将离去来吧阿夕拉斯！来吧阿夕拉斯！垂死之人也会复苏就在国王的手中紧握！国王归来《治疗大堂》（p. 141）最终他们找到了6片叶子，阿拉贡捣碎为每人捣碎2片药叶放入沸水中。新鲜之气即刻充满房间，于是病人们一个个醒来。释名和词源：阿夕拉斯俗称kingsfoil,而精灵语
出处：
《魔戒现身》：涉水出逃p. 210-11; 罗斯罗立安p. 350
《王者归来》：治疗大厅 全文
《托尔金语言列表》
《简明古代英语词汇》
原文：
Athelas Athelas from the New Line film
Plant with healing properties. The athelas plant had long leaves that gave off a sweet and pungent fragrance. The scent had a refreshing and envigorating effect on those who inhaled it.
Athelas could be used to ease pain, and it also had the power to counteract the effects of the Black Breath exuded by the Nazgul. Only in the hands of a King of the line of Elendil could the full power of athelas be released.
Athelas may have grown in the Forest of Brethil in Beleriand. In 466 of the First Age, Huan the Hound gave Luthien a plant with healing properties to help Beren, who had been struck by an arrow. According to one source (HoME III, p. 269), it was athelas. Beleriand was destroyed at the end of the First Age.
In the Second Age, athelas was brought to Middle-earth from Numenor. It could be found growing in places where the Numenoreans and their descendants used to dwell or camp, including the area around Weathertop and the woods of Lossarnach in Gondor.
Aragorn used the athelas plant to help ease the pain of Frodo's Morgul-wound after the Lord of the Nazgul attacked him on Weathertop. He crushed the leaves into boiling water and bathed Frodo's shoulder. Frodo felt the pain and cold lessen, but the athelas could not cure him since there was still a sliver of the Morgul-knife in his body that had to be removed by Elrond. When Frodo and Sam were injured during the battle in Moria, Aragorn used what remained of the athelas he had gathered on Weathertop to treat their wounds.
After the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, Eowyn, Faramir and Merry were all gravely ill as a result of their contact with the Nazgul. In the Houses of Healing, Aragorn asked for athelas. The wise-woman Ioreth recognized the plant by its common name kingsfoil, but the herb-master said he had none since it had no virtue that he knew of, except as mentioned in an old rhyme:
When the black breath blows
and death's shadow grows
and all lights pass,
come athelas! come athelas!
Life to the dying
In the king's hand lying!
The Return of the King: "The Houses of Healing," p. 141
At last six leaves were found, and Aragorn crushed two leaves into steaming water for each patient. As he did so, a freshness filled the room, each time evoking a different feeling to those present, and the patients awoke.
Names & Etymology:
Athelas was called kingsfoil in the Common Speech and as?a aranion in Quenya. The name kingsfoil means "king's leaf."
The Sindarin name athelas and the Quenya name as?a aranion are of uncertain etymology. The element las in athelas means "leaf" and the word aranion in as?a aranion means "of the kings."
The first elements in both names appear to be related but the meaning is uncertain. As?a could be derived from the Quenay lass? meaning "leaf" so that as?a aranion would mean "leaf of the kings." But if the Sindarin athea had a similar meaning then athelas would mean "leaf leaf."
Alternatively, as?a and athea may be derived from the root athaya meaning "beneficial, helpful." In this case both names would mean "beneficial [leaf] of the kings" where the word for "leaf" is not included but implied. There is an Old English word aethel (?eele) meaning "noble" which may have been the original inspiration for the name. (Tolkien Language List)
Sources:
The Fellowship of the Ring: "Flight to the Ford," p. 210-11; "Lothlorien," p. 350
The Return of the King: "The Houses of Healing," passim
Tolkien Language List
Bright's Old English Glossary
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发表于 2009-10-6 17:33:29